{"id":72026,"date":"2019-08-13T15:40:07","date_gmt":"2019-08-13T15:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/?p=72026"},"modified":"2019-08-13T15:40:07","modified_gmt":"2019-08-13T15:40:07","slug":"literature-review-crop-livestock-integration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/literature-review-crop-livestock-integration\/","title":{"rendered":"Literature Review: Crop &#038; Livestock Integration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><strong>Organic Crops and Livestock<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Driven by consumer demand, organic food sales have increased from $3.6 billion in 1997 to $31.5 billion in 2013 (OTA, 2014) and $52.5 billion in 2018 (OTA, 2019). Several factors have led to this increased consumption of organic foods in the U.S., including consumer preference for lower pesticide residues (Baker et al., 2002), nutrition and health concerns (The Hartman Group, 2006), negative environmental impacts associated with intensive conventional production (Venterea and Rolston, 2000), and the assurance of organic integrity through consistent federal organic standards (USDA-AMS, 2014). Farmers also are interested in producing organic crops that meet the \u201ctriple bottom line\u201d of environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social equity. In recent years, organic farmers have become increasingly concerned about farm product\/food safety, particularly important for farmers practicing integrated crop\/livestock production (Pereira et al., 2013). Assuring food safety is critical in any farming operation, and, in the case of produce has been the subject of the recent federal law, \u201cFDA Food Safety Modernization Act\u201d (21 USC 2201; FDA, 2011), which will have far-reaching effects on the entire food supply chain.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Driven by consumer demand, organic food sales have increased from $3.6 billion in 1997 to $31.5 billion in 2013 and $52.5 billion in 2018. Several factors have led to this increased consumption of organic foods in the U.S., including consumer preference for lower pesticide residues, nutrition and health concerns, negative environmental impacts associated with intensive conventional production, and the assurance of organic integrity through consistent federal organic standards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":72027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1012,1031],"tags":[3],"organicbytes":[],"countries":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Literature Review: Crop &amp; Livestock Integration - Organic Consumers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/literature-review-crop-livestock-integration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Literature Review: Crop &amp; Livestock Integration - Organic Consumers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Driven by consumer demand, organic food sales have increased from $3.6 billion in 1997 to $31.5 billion in 2013 and $52.5 billion in 2018. Several factors have led to this increased consumption of organic foods in the U.S., including consumer preference for lower pesticide residues, nutrition and health concerns, negative environmental impacts associated with intensive conventional production, and the assurance of organic integrity through consistent federal organic standards.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/literature-review-crop-livestock-integration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Organic Consumers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/organicconsumers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-13T15:40:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/graze.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"OCA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@organicconsumer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@organicconsumer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"OCA\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/literature-review-crop-livestock-integration\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/literature-review-crop-livestock-integration\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"OCA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/organicconsumers.org\/#\/schema\/person\/75d6e17d377dbe8068bce8352191d2cd\"},\"headline\":\"Literature Review: Crop &#038; 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