Neonicotinoid Health Risks: Widespread Exposure, Growing Evidence of Harm

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world. They are often used as seed coatings on crops such as corn and soybeans, as well as on turf, ornamental plants, and pets as flea and tick treatments.

A growing body of scientific evidence raises concerns about the human health risks of neonicotinoid exposure. Studies in animals and humans link neonicotinoid exposure to neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Some studies also report ties to breast and liver cancer, and type 1 diabetes.

Human exposure to neonicotinoids is widespread and begins before birth. Neonics are commonly detected in food, drinking water, and household dust. A study of American women found neonicotinoids or their metabolites in more than 95% of pregnant women tested. A 2025 review of evidence reports that neonicotinoids or their metabolites are routinely found in urine, breast milk, placental tissues, and infant cord blood. Children may have higher exposures and they are especially vulnerable to toxic exposures during early critical periods of brain development.

In addition, extensive research shows that neonicotinoids can harm bees and other beneficial insects, particularly through chronic and sublethal effects.