GM Corn and Glyphosate Science: Documents From Mexico-U.S. Trade Dispute

In February 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador issued a presidential decree restricting the use of genetically modified (GM) corn in tortillas and other minimally processed corn products to protect public health and the environment.

The U.S. government challenged those measures as unfair trade barriers under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). In December 2024, a panel of arbitrators ruled in favor of the U.S. and said the U.S. can compel Mexico to accept GM corn in its food products. The panel said Mexico did not conduct a “proper risk assessment” according to international scientific principles. However, the panel did not comment at all on the robust scientific analysis Mexico presented in defense of its position.

Here we present the scientific analyses which include hundreds of peer-reviewed studies raising health concerns. These documents offer a comprehensive summary, including recent scientific evidence, of health risks associated with GM corn and glyphosate.